Hydrogen End Use – Marine
Hydrogen is emerging as a promising alternative fuel for the marine industry, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and dependence on fossil fuels. Its application in marine environments is part of a broader shift towards cleaner energy sources, aligning with global efforts to combat climate change and improve air quality. Here are the primary ways hydrogen is being used or proposed for use in the marine sector:
Fuel Cells for Propulsion and Power
- Hydrogen Fuel Cells: These devices convert hydrogen directly into electricity, heat, and water through a chemical reaction with oxygen. In marine applications, fuel cells can be used to power electric motors for propulsion, or to provide electrical power for onboard systems, replacing or supplementing traditional diesel engines.
- Advantages: Fuel cells produce zero emissions at the point of use, offering a clean alternative to combustion-based propulsion and power generation. They are also quiet and have high energy efficiency.
Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) for H2
- Hydrogen ICEs: Some marine engines are being adapted or developed to burn hydrogen instead of diesel fuel. While less efficient than fuel cells, hydrogen ICEs can be a more straightforward transition for existing vessels since they can utilize much of the existing engine technology and infrastructure.
- Emissions: When hydrogen is burned in an internal combustion engine, it produces no CO2 emissions. However, NOx emissions (nitrogen oxides) can be a concern, requiring additional measures to reduce them.
Hybrid Systems
- Combination with Batteries: In some marine applications, hydrogen fuel cells are used in conjunction with batteries to create hybrid systems. The fuel cells can provide continuous power, while batteries handle peak loads and store excess energy.
- Flexibility and Efficiency: Hybrid systems can offer increased operational flexibility and efficiency, optimizing the use of hydrogen and electric power according to demand.
Challenges & Considerations
- Storage and Bunkering: Storing hydrogen on ships poses significant challenges due to its low energy density by volume and the requirements for high-pressure or cryogenic storage. Developing the infrastructure for bunkering (refueling) ships with hydrogen or hydrogen-derived fuels is also a critical challenge.
- Safety and Regulations: Hydrogen’s flammability and the novelty of its use in marine settings necessitate stringent safety measures, regulations, and standards, which are still being developed in many cases.
- Cost and Availability: The high cost of hydrogen fuel cell technology and the limited availability of green hydrogen (produced from renewable energy sources) are significant barriers to widespread adoption in the marine industry.
Latest News
2/14/24: Yamaha unveils hydrogen outboard protype boat at Miami Boat show
Yamaha Motor Corporation, U.S.A. has unveiled the world’s first hydrogen-powered outboard for recreational boats, marking a significant step towards achieving carbon neutrality. Collaborating with Roush for the fuel system and Regulator Marine for boat development, Yamaha plans to test the prototype on the water in the summer of 2024. The company aims to explore hydrogen as a viable method for achieving its carbon neutrality goals and invites the marine industry to participate in building infrastructure and policies around innovations. Yamaha’s commitment to a multi-technology approach includes acquiring electric outboard company Torqeedo and promoting sustainable fuels for internal combustion outboard engines. The initiative aligns with a recent study by the International Council of Marine Industry Associations validating Yamaha’s approach to decarbonizing recreational boating.
