Compressed Gas Storage
Hydrogen can be stored as a compressed gas, and this method is commonly used for various applications, especially in the industrial and transportation sectors. Compressed hydrogen storage involves compressing gaseous hydrogen to high pressures, reducing its volume and making it more practical for storage and transportation.
Key Aspects of storing hydrogen as compressed gas
Compressed Process
- Hydrogen gas is compressed using specialized compressors, which increase the pressure to the desired level.
- The compression process reduces the volume of the hydrogen, making it easier to store and transport.
Storage Pressure
- Compressed hydrogen is stored at high pressures, typically ranging from 350 bar (5,000 psi) to 700 bar (10,000 psi) or even higher.
- The pressure level depends on the application and storage system design.
Storage Containers
- High-pressure storage containers, commonly made of lightweight materials such as composite materials or high-strength metals, are used to contain compressed hydrogen.
- Composite materials like carbon fiber reinforced with polymers are often chosen for their strength and low weight
Cylinders and Tanks
- Hydrogen can be stored in cylinders or tanks designed to withstand high pressures.
- For transportation purposes, vehicles may have onboard high-pressure tanks
Material Compatibility
- Materials used in the construction of storage containers must be compatible with hydrogen to prevent embrittlement and ensure safety.
- The containers are designed to handle the stress and fatigue associated with high-pressure cycles.
Safety Considerations
- Safety measures are crucial to prevent leaks and ensure the integrity of the storage system.
- Hydrogen storage systems include safety features such as pressure relief devices and fail-safe mechanisms.
Applications
- Compressed hydrogen is used in various applications, including fuel cell vehicles, industrial processes, and backup power systems.
- Fuel cell vehicles often use high-pressure tanks to store hydrogen onboard for powering the fuel cells.
Challenges
- Compressing hydrogen requires energy, and the efficiency of compression processes is an important consideration for the overall energy balance of hydrogen systems.
- Materials must also be chosen carefully to withstand the challenges of high-pressure storage, including potential embrittlement.
Compressed hydrogen storage is a well-established and practical method, particularly for applications where weight and space considerations are important, such as in fuel cell vehicles. Continuous advancements are being made in materials, compression technologies, and storage system design to enhance the efficiency and safety of compressed hydrogen storage.